“Don’t give me data, give me answers”

Clients don’t want data, they want solutions to their business challenges.  That point has come up repeatedly in interviews I’ve conducted with research buyers, and was mentioned again last week by a research buyer who attended my presentation in Vancouver, “How Market Research Can Take Back Customer Experience.”

In the discussion that followed the presentation, we talked about the fact that the information that can lead to answers can come from different areas in a company: website analytics from the website team, the sales people interacting with prospects and customers, data from the customer experience team and qualitative and quantitative research from the market research department, to name a few.

But those of us in the market research function (or “customer insights” or “voice of the customer”) are in the best position to take the data from all those sources and figure out how to use them most effectively.  Unfortunately, we can easily slip into the habit of just reporting the results, as in “that’s what people said,” and leave it at that.  I mean, isn’t that our job?

Maybe it used to be, but to be truly valuable to our clients (or internal clients) we have to go beyond just reporting results.  But here’s the catch: at the beginning of the project, clients frequently are focused on the logistics of collecting information; it’s only at the end that they say “OK, now what do we do with all this information?”

Here’s what we can do to make sure that both we and our clients don’t forget to focus on how the company will benefit from the information we collect:

  • When starting the project, remember to ask how the resulting information will be used.
  • Based on that answer, consider whether the research approach should be revised. For example, your client might be asking for focus groups and a survey, but perhaps interviews with sales people should be added.
  • Ask which stakeholders and departments are involved. Do they already have relevant information?  In the research proposal, consider ways to involve those other stakeholders during the project or even before it starts.
  • At the end of the project, propose a workshop with your clients and other stakeholders to figure out the best way to utilize the findings.

Of course, clients won’t always take this kind of advice.  They might say “no, we just want focus groups and a survey.”  But they’ll think more highly of you and you will have planted the seed of those ideas in their minds… and perhaps it will happen on the next project!

Let’s discuss how to best find answers to your business challenges.  Call me at 760-469-9266 or email info at bureauwest.com.

The Science of Persuasion

methodspersuasionI just finished reading a great book by Nick Kolenda, Methods of Persuasion: How to Use Psychology to Influence Human Behavior.  The book synthesizes a great deal of scientific knowledge in the fields of psychology and behavioral economics, and is full of specific tactics marketers and advertisers can use to be more effective.  I recommend it!

There are too many tactics to summarize here, but I then went to his website and found this “guide to advertising psychology” where I saw a great tidbit that resonated with me and should be relevant to many of you:

When advertising a product that is very familiar, consider using emotional appeals (e.g., “all the cool kids are doing it”).  But when advertising a product that is new or innovative, use a rational appeal (e.g., “download our app because of x, y and z”).

When customers are familiar with your product, they feel they already know what they need to know, and don’t want to spend time reading your ad – that’s when we need to grab their attention with an emotional appeal.  But when customers aren’t familiar with the product, they need a rational reason to consider it.

What do your prospects need to know in order become customers?  Let’s discuss the best ways to figure that out!  Call me at 818-752-7210 or email info at bureauwest.com.

 

Sources: “Methods of Persuasion: How to Use Psychology to Influence Human Behavior,” Nick Kolenda, 2013; “An Enormous Guide to Advertising Psychology,” Nick Kolenda, 2016

 

How to Avoid Research Mistakes

I’m working on a presentation entitled  “Don’t Waste Your Research Dollars: Research Bloopers and How to Avoid Them.”  The presentation will include many hair-raising stories and talk about how to avoid those situations, but in order to keep things short and protect the innocent (and the not-so-innocent!), I’ll just give you the highlights here.

I collected stories about research mistakes, both from my own experience and those of colleagues, and realized most relate to two issues:

  • Incorrect assumptions about the marketing question
  • Designing the research without professional input

Making incorrect assumptions can be difficult to catch.  For example, imagine your customers aren’t using a new feature.  You naturally assume there’s something they don’t like or don’t understand about the feature.  You conduct focus groups to learn exactly where the problem is, and it turns out that nobody knew about the feature because of a technical glitch: the information never reached the customers!  How do you prevent this?  First, pay close attention to any assumptions included in your objectives for a study.  And second, consider options for quick pre-study research: can you do a small online survey with customers?  Or perhaps a round of phone calls with the sales reps?

Another common area for incorrect assumptions is in knowing your customer.  Marketers frequently assume their customer is similar to them and their fellow executives.  In many cases, they live very different lives and have very different values.  If you find yourself laughing at focus group participants, that’s time to pay close attention.  Could that laughter be covering up some discomfort with the gap between who you think your customer is and who they really are?

When it comes to designing the research, it’s easy to fall into the trap of “let’s do four focus groups near corporate headquarters with our best customers, just like we did last time.”  But is that the most effective way to do the research?  Depending on your research objectives, there might be better ways to conduct the research.  Your research partners can be a great resource – as long as you’re willing to use them.  Let them know your research objectives and your budget and have them recommend the best approach.  I’ve encountered situations where a company wanted to conduct focus groups with their own employees to save on recruiting costs.  In some (rare) cases, that might work.  But in others, your research partner might come up with a better solution; for example, telephone interviews with actual customers.

Want to avoid research mistakes?  Call me, and let’s have an in-depth discussion about your research objectives and how best to achieve them.  Call 818-752-7210 or email info at bureauwest.com.  And let me know if you’re interested in the full presentation: “Don’t Waste Your Research Dollars: Research Bloopers and How to Avoid Them.”

P.S.  Do you have any research “horror stories” to share?  I’d love to hear them so I can include them in my presentation.

Understanding Cognitive Bias

“Cognitive biases” are those ways of thinking that aren’t completely rational, but that we do for convenience.  (For example, the “confirmation bias,” where people recall information that supports their existing beliefs.  You may have seen it in focus groups, where an observer seemed to only remember participant statements that agreed with their own opinions!)

There are dozens of different cognitive biases (see Wikipedia’s list here); identifying them can yield important insights to better understand customers and market to them more effectively.  But we don’t have to memorize them all, because Buster Benson created a great cheat sheet here.  (The article actually appeared last year; thank you to my friend and colleague David Spenser for pointing it out.)

Benson categorizes the cognitive biases based on the four problems they help us address:

  1. Dealing with too much information (the confirmation bias is one example of a mechanism that addresses this problem)
  2. Our need to ascribe meaning to the limited information we have (e.g., stereotyping)
  3. The need to make decisions quickly (e.g., the tendency to prefer the simple solution)
  4. We can’t remember everything (e.g., forgetting details, remembering only the high points)

Or as he puts it:

In order to avoid drowning in information overload, our brains need to skim and filter insane amounts of information and quickly, almost effortlessly, decide which few things in that firehose are actually important and call those out.

In order to construct meaning out of the bits and pieces of information that come to our attention, we need to fill in the gaps, and map it all to our existing mental models. In the meantime we also need to make sure that it all stays relatively stable and as accurate as possible.

In order to act fast, our brains need to make split-second decisions that could impact our chances for survival, security, or success, and feel confident that we can make things happen.

And in order to keep doing all of this as efficiently as possible, our brains need to remember the most important and useful bits of new information and inform the other systems so they can adapt and improve over time, but no more than that.

And most important for us as marketers, here’s his summary of the ways in which biases lead to errors in the four areas above:

  1. We don’t see everything. Some of the information we filter out is actually useful and important.
  2. Our search for meaning can conjure illusions. We sometimes imagine details that were filled in by our assumptions, and construct meaning and stories that aren’t really there.
  3. Quick decisions can be seriously flawed. Some of the quick reactions and decisions we jump to are unfair, self-serving, and counter-productive.
  4. Our memory reinforces errors. Some of the stuff we remember for later just makes all of the above systems more biased, and more damaging to our thought processes.

As marketers, we can “mine” the errors above to find insights that will lead the way to developing more effective marketing.  Let’s find out how cognitive biases can lead to opportunities with your business!  Call me at 818-752-7210 or email info at bureauwest.com.


Sources
: “Cognitive Bias Cheat Sheet,” Better Humans, 9/1/16; “List of Cognitive Biases,” Wikipedia; Bureau West research